Metal to Metal-Halide Perovskites. By Layla Khateeb, Aviv Dahari.

To achieve the conversion of non-toxic metals like gold and copper into metal-halide perovskites (HaPs) for solar applications, we propose a comprehensive solution focused on optimizing key parameters and techniques. The process will begin by fine-tuning the precursor solution composition, reaction time, temperature, and pH to improve conversion efficiency, with an emphasis on dipping and spin coating techniques to ensure reproducibility and uniform crystal formation. Critical to this approach is understanding and controlling the oxidation states and reaction mechanisms of gold and copper during conversion.

We will also ensure the compatibility and stability of metal-HaP films with other solar cell components, developing encapsulation strategies to protect against environmental degradation. Advanced analytical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and photoluminescence (PL) will be used for detailed film analysis. To enhance performance and scalability, we will employ dual-layer structures for improved stability, explore protective layers to prevent degradation, and consider alternative halogens such as bromine or chlorine to validate structural integrity. Automated systems will ensure consistent solution preparation and mixing, and advanced computer simulations will reduce the need for physical experiments. This integrated approach aims to produce efficient, environmentally friendly solar cells using scalable, high-quality HaP films.